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Analysis of the water accessible surfaces of protein structures confirmed this result, indicating the biophysical requirement for the presence of charged residues at the protein surface for further protein stabilization through ion
bonds.

With only 552 often split protein encoding genes in the 0.49Mb chromosome, and highly unusual split tRNA genes, this genome supplied
several unexpected highlights for archaeal genomics.

With about 1660 protein coding genes (62%) shared
by all three Sulfolobus genomes, the size of the
genomic core of the Sulfolobales equals that of the
Pyrococcales (see below), although Sulfolobales are
phylogenetically more diverse then Pyrococcales

The latter topics quickly brought the Archaea
to the head of the early sequencing pipeline and made Methano(caldo)coccus jannaschii the third organism whose
genome was sequenced , even before the first eukaryal genome sequence, that of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, was completed .

About half of the
shared genes (866 genes) appear to be specific for the
Sulfolobales

The extensive
genomic plasticity originally described for genomes
of S. solfataricus (201 IS elements covering 11% of
the genome; She et al., 2001b) and S. tokodaii
(Kawarabayasi et al., 2001) turned out to be not
characteristic for all Sulfolobales. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
contains no active mobile elements at all
and maintained a stable genome organization

More than half of the completed archaeal genome
sequences originate from extreme thermophiles (Topt
75–90°C and hyperthermophiles (Topt≥90°C).